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Partisan composition of state legislatures
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The partisan composition of state legislatures refers to which political party holds the majority of seats in each state Senate and state House. On this page, you will find information on the partisan makeup of every state legislative chamber, including analysis, sortable tables, and interactive maps.
Ballotpedia tracks the partisan composition of each state legislative chamber to help readers understand which states are the most partisan or competitive. For instance, the battle over whether a political party has trifecta control of a state—a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the position of governor and majorities in both of the state's legislative chambers—depends on the partisan balance of each chamber. In some states, majority parties are large enough to override gubernatorial vetoes without any votes from members of the minority party.
Click on the following links to jump to:
- Overview of partisan compositions in each state legislature
- Partisan composition of each state senate
- Partisan composition of each state house
- Changes in the number of state legislative seats
- Information on the trifecta status of each state legislature
Overview
As of September 9th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.5% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.68%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber | 
|
|
 Other
|
Vacant | ||||
| State senates | 834 | 1,122 | 5 | 12 | ||||
| State houses | 2,392 | 2,977 | 20 | 24 | ||||
| Total: | 3,226
|
4,099
|
25
|
36 | ||||
The map below shows the partisan composition of each state legislature by percentage Democrat and Republican. The darker the color, the higher the percentage of state legislative seats the majority party has in each state. The lighter the color, the smaller the percent difference in partisan composition. Hover on a state to get the breakdowns in each state.
The pie chart below shows the overall partisan percentages across all 50 state legislatures.
The table below shows the aggregate partisan composition of each state legislature.
| State | Democratic | Republican | Independent or minor party | Vacancies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 26.4 | 71.4 | — | 2.1 |
| Alaska | 38.3 | 53.3 | 8.3 | — |
| Arizona | 44.4 | 55.6 | — | — |
| Arkansas | 18.5 | 81.5 | — | — |
| California | 75.0 | 24.2 | — | 0.8 |
| Colorado | 66.0 | 34.0 | — | — |
| Connecticut | 67.9 | 32.1 | — | — |
| Delaware | 67.7 | 32.3 | — | — |
| Florida | 26.9 | 70.6 | 0.6 | 1.9 |
| Georgia | 43.6 | 55.9 | — | 0.4 |
| Hawaii | 84.2 | 14.5 | — | 1.3 |
| Idaho | 14.3 | 85.7 | — | — |
| Illinois | 66.7 | 33.3 | — | — |
| Indiana | 26.7 | 73.3 | — | — |
| Iowa | 32.0 | 67.3 | — | 0.7 |
| Kansas | 27.9 | 72.1 | — | — |
| Kentucky | 19.6 | 80.4 | — | — |
| Louisiana | 29.2 | 70.1 | — | 0.7 |
| Maine | 51.6 | 47.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Maryland | 72.3 | 27.7 | — | — |
| Massachusetts | 83.5 | 15.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Michigan | 48.0 | 51.4 | — | 0.7 |
| Minnesota | 50.2 | 49.8 | — | — |
| Mississippi | 32.2 | 66.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
| Missouri | 31.5 | 68.0 | — | 0.5 |
| Montana | 40.0 | 60.0 | — | — |
| Nebraska | 28.6 | 67.3 | 4.1 | — |
| Nevada | 63.5 | 36.5 | — | — |
| New Hampshire | 43.6 | 55.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| New Jersey | 64.2 | 35.8 | — | — |
| New Mexico | 62.5 | 37.5 | — | — |
| New York | 67.1 | 32.4 | — | 0.5 |
| North Carolina | 40.6 | 59.4 | — | — |
| North Dakota | 11.3 | 87.9 | — | 0.7 |
| Ohio | 32.6 | 67.4 | — | — |
| Oklahoma | 17.4 | 79.9 | — | 2.7 |
| Oregon | 58.9 | 40.0 | — | 1.1 |
| Pennsylvania | 49.2 | 50.4 | — | 0.4 |
| Rhode Island | 85.8 | 12.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| South Carolina | 27.6 | 71.8 | — | 0.6 |
| South Dakota | 8.6 | 89.5 | — | 1.9 |
| Tennessee | 22.7 | 77.3 | — | — |
| Texas | 40.3 | 59.7 | — | — |
| Utah | 19.2 | 79.8 | 1.0 | — |
| Vermont | 57.2 | 38.3 | 4.4 | — |
| Virginia | 51.4 | 48.6 | — | — |
| Washington | 59.9 | 39.5 | — | 0.7 |
| West Virginia | 8.2 | 91.8 | — | — |
| Wisconsin | 45.5 | 54.5 | — | — |
| Wyoming | 8.6 | 91.4 | — | — |
| Average | 43.2 | 56.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
State senates
- See also: Partisan composition of state senates
The partisan composition of state senates refers to which political party holds the majority of seats in the state senate. Altogether, in the 50 state senates, there are 1,973 state senators.
Cumulative numbers
As of September 9, 2025, 1,956 state senators were affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. This total is updated monthly.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber |
|
|
Other
|
Vacant | ||||
| State senates | 834 | 1,122 | 5 | 12 | ||||
| State houses | 2,392 | 2,977 | 20 | 24 | ||||
| Total: | 3,226
|
4,099
|
25
|
36 | ||||
The table below shows the partisan composition of upper legislative chambers in each state.
| State | Democratic | Republican | Independent or minor party | Vacancies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 22.9 | 74.3 | — | 2.9 |
| Alaska | 45.0 | 55.0 | — | — |
| Arizona | 43.3 | 56.7 | — | — |
| Arkansas | 17.1 | 82.9 | — | — |
| California | 75.0 | 25.0 | — | — |
| Colorado | 65.7 | 34.3 | — | — |
| Connecticut | 69.4 | 30.6 | — | — |
| Delaware | 71.4 | 28.6 | — | — |
| Florida | 25.0 | 67.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 |
| Georgia | 41.1 | 57.1 | — | 1.8 |
| Hawaii | 88.0 | 12.0 | — | — |
| Idaho | 17.1 | 82.9 | — | — |
| Illinois | 67.8 | 32.2 | — | — |
| Indiana | 20.0 | 80.0 | — | — |
| Iowa | 32.0 | 68.0 | — | — |
| Kansas | 22.5 | 77.5 | — | — |
| Kentucky | 18.4 | 81.6 | — | — |
| Louisiana | 28.2 | 71.8 | — | — |
| Maine | 57.1 | 42.9 | — | — |
| Maryland | 72.3 | 27.7 | — | — |
| Massachusetts | 87.5 | 12.5 | — | — |
| Michigan | 50.0 | 47.4 | — | 2.6 |
| Minnesota | 50.7 | 49.3 | — | — |
| Mississippi | 30.8 | 69.2 | — | — |
| Missouri | 29.4 | 70.6 | — | — |
| Montana | 36.0 | 64.0 | — | — |
| Nebraska | 28.6 | 67.3 | 4.1 | — |
| Nevada | 61.9 | 38.1 | — | — |
| New Hampshire | 33.3 | 66.7 | — | — |
| New Jersey | 62.5 | 37.5 | — | — |
| New Mexico | 61.9 | 38.1 | — | — |
| New York | 63.5 | 34.9 | — | 1.6 |
| North Carolina | 40.0 | 60.0 | — | — |
| North Dakota | 10.6 | 89.4 | — | — |
| Ohio | 27.3 | 72.7 | — | — |
| Oklahoma | 16.7 | 81.3 | — | 2.1 |
| Oregon | 56.7 | 40.0 | — | 3.3 |
| Pennsylvania | 45.1 | 52.9 | — | 2.0 |
| Rhode Island | 86.8 | 10.5 | — | 2.6 |
| South Carolina | 26.1 | 73.9 | — | — |
| South Dakota | 8.6 | 88.6 | — | 2.9 |
| Tennessee | 18.2 | 81.8 | — | — |
| Texas | 35.5 | 64.5 | — | — |
| Utah | 20.7 | 75.9 | 3.4 | — |
| Vermont | 53.3 | 43.3 | 3.3 | — |
| Virginia | 52.5 | 47.5 | — | — |
| Washington | 59.2 | 38.8 | — | 2.0 |
| West Virginia | 5.9 | 94.1 | — | — |
| Wisconsin | 45.5 | 54.5 | — | — |
| Wyoming | 6.5 | 93.5 | — | — |
| Average | 42.2 | 56.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
State Houses
- See also: Partisan composition of state houses
The partisan composition of state houses refers to which party holds the majority of seats in the state house or the lower level of each state legislature. Altogether, in the 49 state houses, there are 5,413 state representatives.
Cumulative numbers
As of September 9, 2025, 5,369 state representatives were affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. This total is updated monthly.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber |
|
|
Other
|
Vacant | ||||
| State senates | 834 | 1,122 | 5 | 12 | ||||
| State houses | 2,392 | 2,977 | 20 | 24 | ||||
| Total: | 3,226
|
4,099
|
25
|
36 | ||||
The table below shows the partisan composition of lower legislative chambers in each state. This table does not include Nebraska since it only has a Senate.
| State | Democratic | Republican | Independent or minor party | Vacancies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 27.6 | 70.5 | — | 1.9 |
| Alaska | 35.0 | 52.5 | 12.5 | — |
| Arizona | 45.0 | 55.0 | — | — |
| Arkansas | 19.0 | 81.0 | — | — |
| California | 75.0 | 23.8 | — | 1.3 |
| Colorado | 66.2 | 33.8 | — | — |
| Connecticut | 67.5 | 32.5 | — | — |
| Delaware | 65.9 | 34.1 | — | — |
| Florida | 27.5 | 71.7 | — | 0.8 |
| Georgia | 44.4 | 55.6 | — | — |
| Hawaii | 82.4 | 15.7 | — | 2.0 |
| Idaho | 12.9 | 87.1 | — | — |
| Illinois | 66.1 | 33.9 | — | — |
| Indiana | 30.0 | 70.0 | — | — |
| Iowa | 32.0 | 67.0 | — | 1.0 |
| Kansas | 29.6 | 70.4 | — | — |
| Kentucky | 20.0 | 80.0 | — | — |
| Louisiana | 29.5 | 69.5 | — | 1.0 |
| Maine | 50.3 | 48.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Maryland | 72.3 | 27.7 | — | — |
| Massachusetts | 82.5 | 15.6 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
| Michigan | 47.3 | 52.7 | — | — |
| Minnesota | 50.0 | 50.0 | — | — |
| Mississippi | 32.8 | 64.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| Missouri | 31.9 | 67.5 | — | 0.6 |
| Montana | 42.0 | 58.0 | — | — |
| Nevada | 64.3 | 35.7 | — | — |
| New Hampshire | 44.3 | 55.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| New Jersey | 65.0 | 35.0 | — | — |
| New Mexico | 62.9 | 37.1 | — | — |
| New York | 68.7 | 31.3 | — | — |
| North Carolina | 40.8 | 59.2 | — | — |
| North Dakota | 11.7 | 87.2 | — | 1.1 |
| Ohio | 34.3 | 65.7 | — | — |
| Oklahoma | 17.8 | 79.2 | — | 3.0 |
| Oregon | 60.0 | 40.0 | — | — |
| Pennsylvania | 50.2 | 49.8 | — | — |
| Rhode Island | 85.3 | 13.3 | 1.3 | — |
| South Carolina | 28.2 | 71.0 | — | 0.8 |
| South Dakota | 8.6 | 90.0 | — | 1.4 |
| Tennessee | 24.2 | 75.8 | — | — |
| Texas | 41.3 | 58.7 | — | — |
| Utah | 18.7 | 81.3 | — | — |
| Vermont | 58.0 | 37.3 | 4.7 | — |
| Virginia | 51.0 | 49.0 | — | — |
| Washington | 60.2 | 39.8 | — | — |
| West Virginia | 9.0 | 91.0 | — | — |
| Wisconsin | 45.5 | 54.5 | — | — |
| Wyoming | 9.7 | 90.3 | — | — |
| Average | 43.8 | 55.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Changes in the number of seats
2022
- See also: Redistricting
As a result of redistricting conducted after the 2020 census, the number of state legislative seats in the country changed. Wyoming's new state legislative maps created one new Senate seat and two new House seats, resulting in 31 state Senators and 62 state Representatives. This increased the number nationally to 7,386 legislators—1,973 state senators and 5,413 state representatives.
It is relatively uncommon for states to change their numbers of legislators during redistricting. New York increased its number of state Senators by one after both the 2010 and 2000 censuses. After the 2000 census, two states—North Dakota and Rhode Island—reduced their number of legislators in both chambers.
Trifectas
- See also: State government trifectas
The following table shows the status of state government—divided control, Democratic trifecta, or Republican trifecta—in each state. It also includes the year of the last change to each state's trifecta status.
Percentage of Americans living under trifecta government
The chart below shows the percentage of the population living under Democratic trifectas, Republican trifectas, and divided governments. Population figures are taken from the U.S. Census Bureau's July 2024 estimates.[2]
| Total U.S. population | Democratic trifectas | Republican trifectas | Divided governments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 339,408,738[3] | 123,917,663 | 140,863,065 | 74,628,010 | |
| 100% | 36.5% | 41.5% | 22.0% | |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau | ||||
Election breakdowns
Click here for more on changes to partisan control of state legislative chambers over time.
See also
- Historical partisan composition of state legislatures
- Partisan composition of state senates
- Historical partisan composition of state senates
- Partisan composition of state houses
- Historical partisan composition of state houses
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ A pair of resignations on July 17, 2024, left Republicans with more seats than Democrats in the chamber. However, a rule adopted in July 2023 defined the majority party as “the political party that won the greater number of elections for the 203 seats in the House of Representatives in the general election preceding the term of service that began on the first day of December next after the general election.” Because of this rule, Democrats maintained their majority.
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024," accessed January 7, 2025
- ↑ Excludes the 702,250 inhabitants of Washington, D.C.
