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2018 Arizona legislative session

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2018 legislative sessions coverage
Arizona State Legislature

Arizonastateseal.jpg
General information
Type:   State legislature
Term limits:   4 terms (8 years)
Session start:   January 8, 2018
Session end:   May 4, 2018
Website:   Official Legislature Page
Leadership
Senate President:   Steven B. Yarbrough (R)
House Speaker:  J.D. Mesnard (R)
Majority Leader:   Senate: Kimberly Yee (R)
House: John Allen (R)
Minority Leader:   Senate: Katie Hobbs (D)
House: Rebecca Rios (D)
Structure
Members:  30 (Senate), 60 (House)
Length of term:   2 years (Senate), 2 years (House)
Authority:   Art 4, Arizona Constitution
Salary:   $24,000/year + per diem
Elections
Redistricting:  Arizona Redistricting Commission

During 2018, Ballotpedia tracked notable stories from the Arizona State Legislature. The timeline on this page shows the major events that we tracked during 2018, including events in the regular session and in any special sessions that occurred after the regular session adjourned.

Educators in Arizona went on a statewide strike—the first ever in the state—for six days, from April 26 to May 3. Teachers demanded a 20 percent teacher pay raise, raises for support staff, and an increase in school funding to pre-recession levels. The strike ended after Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed an education bill raising teacher pay by 20 percent by 2020 and allocating $371 million to restore recession-era cuts over five years. Read more here.

If you know of any additional events that should be added to this page, please email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

Overview

In 2018, the Arizona State Legislature was in session from January 8, 2018, through May 4, 2018. The session was projected to end on April 17, 2018, but the legislature did not adjourn at that time due to unfinished business.[1][2]

Article IV of the Arizona Constitution establishes when the Legislature is to be in session. Section 3 of the Second Part of the Article contains the relevant provisions. It states that sessions are to convene on the second Monday of January of each year.

Partisan control

Arizona was one of 26 Republican state government trifectas in 2018. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas and divided governments, click here.

The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Arizona State Legislature in the 2018 legislative session.

Senate

Party As of July 2018
     Democratic Party 13
     Republican Party 17
     Vacancies 0
Total 30

House

Party As of July 2018
     Democratic Party 25
     Republican Party 35
     Vacancies 0
Total 60

Leadership in 2018

Arizona State Senate

Arizona House of Representatives

Regular session

Bill statistics

House Senate Total
Bills introduced 667 539 1206
Transmitted to governor 211 158 369
Signed by governor 191 155 346
Vetoed by governor 20 3 23

Source: Arizona House of Representatives, "Summary of legislation 2018," accessed July 5, 2018

Status of legislation at the end of the regular session

This table details the status of legislation covered on this page at the end of the regular session.

Status of legislation at the end of the 2018 regular session
Legislation Subject area Actions during the regular session Status at the end of the regular session
SB 1394 Requiring specific data from women seeking abortions Passed Senate
Passed House 		Signed into law
HB 2484 Prohibiting cities and towns from taxing soda Passed legislature Governor signed
A package of 10 bills Budget Passed legislature Signed into law
HB 2663 Education budget bill Passed legislature Signed into law

February 22, 2018

Arizona Senate approves bill requiring specificity from women seeking abortions
The Arizona State Senate approved SB 1394, which would require healthcare providers to ask specific questions to women seeking an abortion. Doctors would be required to ask about possible reasons for terminating a pregnancy. Responses included economic issues, rape, incest, emotional or physical health issues or not wanting children at this time, among others. Women had the option not to respond. SB 1394 would require healthcare providers to report responses and details of any complications in an annual report. The bill passed 17-13 along party lines, with the exception of Democratic Sen. Catherine Miranda (District 27) who voted "yes" and Republican Sen. Kate Brophy McGee (District 28) who voted "no."[3]

Update: The state House approved an amended version of SB 1394 on April 9, 2018, and the Senate concurred in amendments on April 11, 2018. Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed the bill on April 12, 2018.

March 16, 2018

Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed HB 2484, which preempted cities and counties from taxing soda. Rather, it required cities and counties to tax all food equally. HB 2484 passed unanimously in the Arizona State Senate and by a 47-13 vote in the Arizona House of Representatives.[4]

See also: Preemption conflicts between state and local governments

April 9, 2018

State House amends bill on abortion information collection
The Arizona House of Representatives voted 35 to 22 along party lines in favor of Senate Bill 1394 (SB 1394). The bill would require healthcare providers to ask women why they are seeking an abortion. The original bill proposal would have required healthcare providers to ask specific questions with possible responses including economic issues, rape, incest, and more. The House version replaced the original responses with whether the procedure was elective, due to maternal or fetal health, rape or incest, sexual trafficking, domestic violence, or coercion. The bill was sent back to the state Senate for a concurrence vote.[5] Read more here.

Update: The Senate concurred in amendments on April 11, 2018. Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed the bill on April 12, 2018.

Apil 11, 2018

Senate agrees to House amendments of abortion information-related bill
The Arizona State Senate agreed to House amendments of Senate Bill 1394 by a 17-13 vote along party lines. Sen. Katie Hobbs (D), who voted against the measure, said the bill's motivation was "simply to harass and intimidate and shame the women who go in to receive this constitutionally protected medical procedure as well as the doctors who provide it." She also predicted that the bill would lead to a lawsuit "costing Arizona taxpayer dollars just to further one particular group’s political, ideological agenda." Sen. Nancy Barto (R), who supported the measure, said more information on the procedure and the reasons women seek them would allow lawmakers to implement better policies in the future. She defended a provision in the bill asking women if they were coerced into the abortion, saying, "We need to reject the notion that asking a woman, allowing her, giving her an opportunity to disclose her coercion into having an abortion is somehow shaming."[6]

Update: Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed the bill on April 12, 2018.

April 12, 2018

Gov. Ducey signs abortion information bill
Gov. Doug Ducey signed Senate Bill 1394. The bill requires healthcare providers to ask women seeking an abortion whether their decision to obtain the procedure was elective, due to maternal or fetal health, rape or incest, sexual trafficking, domestic violence, or coercion. According to the Phoenix New Times, the bill was supported by the Center for Arizona Policy and opposed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Arizona Coalition to End Sexual and Domestic Violence. Jason Vail Cruz, sexual violence policy coordinator for the Arizona Coalition to End Sexual and Domestic Violence, said the bill "adds another layer of trauma to a situation that’s already fraught with a lot of stigma and nerves."[7] Cathi Herrod, president of the Center for Arizona Policy, said the bill would "enable policymakers and others to better meet the needs of women considering an abortion."[8]

Budget

2018

Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed a package of bills that made up the $10.4 billion budget for fiscal year 2019, a 5.7 percent increase of fiscal year 2018, on May 3, 2018.[9]

Ducey signed HB 2663, an education budget bill that increases teacher pay by 20 percent by 2020, first. A press release from the governor's office said the bill when fully implemented represented a $1 billion increase in education spending, including $644.1 million for a 20 percent teacher pay raise by 2020 and $371 million to restore recession-era cuts over five years. The bill enabled districts to use the $371 million in funds for curriculum updates, technology, and/or to increase support staff salaries. The bill also allocated $1.8 million for career and technical education, $10 million ($3 million in state dollars, $7 million from federal funds) for behavioral health specialists, $53 million for infrastructure renewal, and $86 million over two years to build five new schools.[10]

HB 2663, part of a 10-bill budget plan, was at the center of a conflict between legislators and educators that resulted in a planned protest from April 26 to May 3, 2018.

In addition to education funding, the budget included:

  • A tax break for military veterans. Military veterans in the state receive a tax exemption for military retirement pay. The exemption increased from the first $2,500 to the first $3,500 in retirement pay. The tax break was projected to save military veterans about $37 on their taxes, according to The Arizona Republic.
  • $13 million in funding for caregivers and services for individuals with developmental disabilities. The funding helps developmentally disabled people pay for their room and board and reimburses caregivers for the care they provide.
  • A provision to hire 25 new auditors and implement an analytics system to identify undercollected taxes. The auditors were projected to bring in $1 million in new revenue each per year and the analytics system was estimated to bring in $30 million in revenue per year.
  • $2 million for the Arizona Commission on the Arts.
  • $11.5 million for the Arizona Commerce Authority's Arizona Competes Fund, which offers cash to companies that base their headquarters or undertake operations in Arizona. However, the governor's plan anticipated a $6-million reduction to the fund over three years to help fund teacher pay raises.
  • $1 million to the Department of Economic Security for food banks.
  • Funding for state parks, including $4 million for Oracle State Park and $1.5 million for Buckskin Mountain State Park.[11]

Process

See also: Arizona state budget and finances
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Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

Arizona operates on an annual budget cycle, with each fiscal year beginning on July 1. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[12]

  1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in July.
  2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor by September 1.
  3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature five days after the legislature convenes. The legislature convenes on the second Monday in January.
  4. There is no official deadline for passing the budget. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.

Arizona is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[12][13]

The governor is required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature but the legislature is not required to pass a balanced budget.[12]

Noteworthy events

Arizona public school teachers strike

A teacher vote between April 17 and 19 resulted in the decision to strike on April 26. The vote was organized by Arizona Educators United, which describes itself on Twitter as "an education group created to support Arizona educators."[14][15] Arizona teachers began a statewide strike—the first ever in the state—on April 26, 2018, after protesting throughout the month at schools and the state capitol for higher pay and education funding.[16] The strike lasted six days, ending on May 3, 2018, after Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed an education bill raising teacher pay by 20 percent by 2020 and allocating $371 million to restore recession-era cuts over five years.

Background

  • The National Education Association ranked the average salary for Arizona teachers ($47,403) in 2017 as 44th out of the 50 states and Washington, D.C. The national average for teacher salaries in 2017 was $59,660.[17]
  • An Arizona attorney general opinion from 1971 said a statewide teacher strike would be illegal and participating teachers could lose their licenses. According to U.S. News & World Report, no school districts at the time of the strike said they would fire teachers or take away licenses.[18]

April 12: Gov. Ducey announces 20 by 2020 plan

  • Republican Gov. Doug Ducey announced a plan to increase teacher salaries 20 percent by the 2020 school year. The governor's plan would increase teacher pay 9 percent in the 2018-2019 school year with 5 percent increases in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years, amounting to a 20 percent net increase by 2020. (The calculation included a 1 percent raise from the 2017-2018 school year.)[19]
  • Ducey also proposed investing $371 million in funds over the next five years with an additional $100 million investment in fiscal year 2019. The funds could be used to invest in a variety of resources, including school infrastructure, curriculum, transportation, and/or classroom technologies, according to a statement from the governor's office.[19]
  • According to the Associated Press, teacher and Arizona Educators United organizer Derek Harris expressed skepticism about Ducey's proposal: "What he gave us today was just a proposal, it wasn’t legislation, and we don’t know where the money’s coming from and we don’t know if he’s talking about everybody involved in education or just classroom teachers."[20]
  • Arizona Educators United tweeted that Ducey's proposal was not enough.
  • House Speaker J.D. Mesnard (R) also proposed a plan to raise teacher pay 23 percent over five years, beginning with a 6 percent increase in the 2018-2019 school year. Mesnard's plan would have funded the pay raise by reallocating existing school funds while the governor's proposal would use revenue from savings and new funds.[21]
  • Mesnard did not comment directly on the governor's proposal but said, "We all share the same priority."[21]
  • Chuck Essigs, director of government relations for the Arizona Association of School Business Officials, did not support Mesnard's plan. "Any proposal that wants to increase teacher salaries by 20 percent but does not want to put any more money into the school funding is leading Arizona schools and charter schools down a road to disaster," he said.[22]

April 19: Arizona teachers vote for strike, planned for April 26

  • Arizona education leaders announced that 78 percent of 57,000 teachers voted to strike on April 26, preceded by three days of walk-ins.[23]


Arizona teachers voted between April 17 and April 19 on whether to stage a statewide strike to demand more education funding. The vote was organized by Arizona Educators United.[14] According to The Daily Sentinel, teachers decided to protest because Ducey ignored their demands to raise support staff pay, restore school funding to 2008 levels, and stop tax cuts until school funding reaches the national average.[24]
  • Gov. Doug Ducey (R) responded by reaffirming his commitment to raising teacher pay by 20 percent.
  • House Speaker J.D. Mesnard (R) responded that teachers should have waited for lawmakers to act on a teacher pay raise: "The governor and the Legislature are working hard to get more resources to education and teacher pay. We are talking about a substantial teacher-pay increase. It would have been nice for them to wait and see how that goes."[25]

April 20: Ducey vetoes 10 bills, demands budget that raises teacher pay

  • Gov. Doug Ducey (R) vetoed 10 bills, all sponsored by House Republicans. According to AZ Central, each veto letter read, "Please, send me a budget that gives teachers a 20 percent raise by 2020 and restores additional assistance."[25]
  • Republican lawmakers said they did not want to override what they believed should be the authority of local school boards.
    • Sen. Rick Gray (R) said he hoped school boards would raise teacher pay but added, "We don’t want to try and take the governing boards’ job away from them."[25]
    • Sen. Sonny Borrelli (R) said he was "uneasy micromanaging political subdivisions."[25]
    • Rep. Anthony Kern (R) said the majority of the House GOP caucus did not want to dictate teacher pay.[25]
  • Republican lawmakers also disagreed about funding sources. Gov. Ducey proposed raising teacher pay with new tax revenue generated from the state's expanding economy. Legislative leaders expressed doubt about the governor's plan.[25]
  • Democratic lawmakers said they had not been included in negotiations for increased teacher pay. Sen. Sean Bowie (D) said he believed a teacher pay raise should not rely on projected revenue. "If the economy goes into recession, we’re going to be in a big budget hole," he said.[25]

April 23: Rep. Noel Campbell discusses education budget amendment

  • Republican Rep. Noel Campbell told The Arizona Republic that he would propose a three-year, 1-cent education sales tax increase as a budget amendment once the legislature introduced a budget. The amendment would increase discretionary funding for public schools by $880 million per year.[26]

April 24: Rep. Townsend threatens class action lawsuit

  • Rep. Kelly Townsend (R) tweeted that she was discussing a class action lawsuit for those impacted by the strike.

April 25: GOP legislators say they won't give in to teacher demands

  • Senate President Steven B. Yarbrough (R) and House Speaker J.D. Mesnard (R) said they were working with Gov. Doug Ducey (R) on boosting teacher pay 20 percent by 2020 but also said they would not respond to teacher demands for more education funding and higher support staff pay.[27]
A statement from Yarbrough read:[28]
“ It is unfortunate that many teachers are apparently preparing to strike, walking out on the students and forcing schools to close their doors. The children are the real victims of a strike. While the schools close, the Legislature remains open, with leaders attempting to complete their task to bring the teachers significantly better pay. We hear their frustration.[29] ”
  • Sen. John Kavanagh (R) said teachers' demands were outrageous and unreachable. To those impacted by the strike, he said, "You should be upset at [teachers] for abandoning kids when they’ve been promised 20 in ’20 and it looks like a good deal."[30]
  • Arizona teachers prepared for the strike.

April 26: Teacher strike begins

  • About 50,000 teachers marched to the state capitol, demanding a 20 percent teacher pay raise, raises for support staff, and an increase in school funding to pre-recession levels, which would amount to about $1 billion.[31][32]
Arizona Education Association President Joe Thomas said, "I know that it sounds like it's almost incredulous that anyone would ask for that much of a raise, but we're just trying to get competitive salaries. A 20 percent raise still has us beneath the national average."[33]
  • At least 100 school districts of the state's 200 districts announced closures, affecting about 75 percent of the state's public school students.[32][34]
  • According to The Guardian, unions proposed a 2.5 percent tax on financial and legal services to raise revenue for education funding. They projected the taxes would bring in $2.5 billion per year.[35]
  • Gov. Doug Ducey (R) released a statement in which he encouraged citizens to "call your legislator and tell them to vote 'yes' on a 20 percent pay raise for Arizona teachers."[36]
  • Rep. David Livingston (R) said legislators agreed to Ducey's plan and expected to present a formal budget bill the week of April 30.[37]

April 27: Gov, legislators announce budget deal with K-12 funding and teacher pay raise

  • Gov. Doug Ducey's (R) office released a statement on April 27 that said the government would restore school funding to pre-recession era levels and increase teacher pay by 20 percent without raising taxes.[38] Daniel Scarpinato, a spokesman for Gov. Ducey, said the budget included funding for the raise plus $100 million for school districts.[39]
  • Arizona Education Association President Joe Thomas and Arizona Educators United organizer and teacher Noah Karvelis released a joint statement saying they did not trust the governor's announcement.[40]
  • Jessica Hauer, a former teacher now working in administration, said $100 million was not enough and questioned the sustainability of Ducey's plan: "Not only is there an issue with teacher salaries, but our buildings. I don't think $100 million is enough. From the numbers I'm seeing we've been in such a decline for such a long period of time, 10 years, that's it's not going to be enough money. And I'm not sure his plan is sustainable."[41]
  • A separate group in support of education funding filed a ballot initiative at the secretary of state's office that would raise the income tax by 3.46 percent on individual incomes above $250,000 or on household incomes above $500,000, and by 4.46 percent on individual incomes above $500,000 and household incomes above $1 million. The measure required 150,000 signatures by July 5 for inclusion on the ballot. The initiative would allocate 60 percent of the funds to teacher salaries and 40 percent to school operations and maintenance expenses.[39]
  • A lawyer for the Goldwater Institute sent letters to school superintendents threatening a lawsuit if teachers did not return to work. The letter argued a strike was illegal and violated the state constitution, which requires that students be guaranteed an education.[39] The Goldwater Institute describes itself as a "free-market public policy research and litigation organization" whose mission is "advancing the principles of limited government, economic freedom, and individual liberty."[42]

May 1: Budget proposal hearings begin

  • Lawmakers began hearings on a 10-bill state budget proposal including a bill (HB 2663) that would increase teacher pay by 9 percent in fiscal year 2019 and begin payments to restore funding cuts since 2008. The increase in education funds would come from reductions in other areas of the budget, such as Medicaid, as well as from a $35 million increase in hospital assessment fees and an $18 million increase in local property taxes, primarily in Tucson and Phoenix.
The budget proposal under discussion includes $200 million more in school funding than Gov. Ducey's January budget proposal.
$273 million would be dedicated to a 9 percent pay raise for classroom teachers. Specialized teachers, such as reading specialists, would not be included.
$100 million would be allocated as part of a plan to restore $400 million in cuts since 2008. The funds would be used for repairs, textbooks, transportation, and support staff pay.[43][44]
  • Arizona Educators United and the Arizona Education Association said they would end the strike by May 3 if legislators passed a budget by then. Arizona Educators United organizer Rebecca Garelli said, "Our fight is not over. We have options, but it is time to get back to our students and back to our classrooms."[45]
  • Gov. Doug Ducey (R) released a letter to teachers, parents, and education leaders saying lawmakers were close to passing "a very significant budget investment into K-12 education" that he called responsible and sustainable. The letter said lawmakers had expedited the legislative process to send a budget bill to the governor's desk as soon as possible: "We are optimistic about this happening as early as Wednesday [May 2]."[46]

May 3: Ducey signs education budget bill, organizers call end to strike

  • Gov. Doug Ducey (R) signed HB 2663, an education budget bill that increases teacher pay by 20 percent by 2020. A press release from the governor's office said the bill when fully implemented represents a $1 billion increase in education spending, including:
    • $644.1 million for a 20 percent teacher pay raise by 2020.
      • $304.9 million for a 10 percent raise over fiscal years 2018 and 2019.
      • $164.7 million for a 5 percent raise in fiscal year 2020.
      • $174.5 million for a 5 percent raise in fiscal year 2021.
    • $371 million to restore recession-era cuts over five years. The funds are flexible and districts can use them for curriculum updates, technology, or increases to support staff salaries. $100 million was allocated for fiscal year 2019.
    • $1.8 million for career and technical education.
    • $10 million ($3 million in state dollars, $7 million from federal funds) for behavioral health specialists.
    • $53 million for infrastructure renewal.
    • $86 million over two years to build five new schools.[47]
  • Joe Thomas, president of the Arizona Education Association, said he believed the plan included "a lot of promises by the governor that are not going to come true" and that the governor ignored the needs of teachers who protested.[48] He initially said teachers would return to the classroom after the entire budget was passed, but Arizona Educators United and the Arizona Education Association called an end to the strike at the end of the day. Some school districts planned to open on May 4 while others decided to wait until the week of May 7.[49][50]


Sexual misconduct in the state capitol

See also: Sexual misconduct in state capitols (2017-2018)
  • State Rep. Don Shooter (R): On February 1, 2018, Shooter was expelled from the Arizona House of Representatives by a 56-3 vote. His expulsion came after he sent a letter to fellow members saying that an investigative report into sexual harassment allegations against him ignored the actions of another unnamed member. House Speaker J.D. Mesnard (R) said the letter amounted to intimidation and retaliation, and he moved for Shooter's expulsion. The investigative report was ordered by Mesnard in November 2017 after multiple women, starting with state Rep. Michelle Ugenti-Rita (R), accused Shooter of sexually harassing them. Before his eventual expulsion, Shooter had been removed as chairman of the House Appropriations Committee and had been removed from his other committee assignments.

Legislatively referred constitutional amendments

In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

The methods by which the Arizona Constitution can be amended:

See also: Article 21 of the Arizona Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Arizona

The Arizona Constitution provides for three methods of amending the Arizona Constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Arizona requires a simple majority to approve constitutional amendments. Arizona requires a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes.

Initiative

See also: Initiated constitutional amendment

Article 21, citizens have the power to initiate constitutional amendments in Arizona. An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

In Arizona, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment for the ballot is equal to 15 percent of votes cast for governor in the most recent gubernatorial election. Petitions can be circulated for up to 24 months. Signatures must be submitted four months prior to the election at which the measure is to appear. A simple majority is required for voter approval. Arizona requires a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes.

Legislature

See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

According to Article XVI, the state Legislature can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot for voters to decide. A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the Arizona State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 31 votes in the Arizona House of Representatives and 16 votes in the Arizona State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

Convention

See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

According to Section 2 of Article XXI of the Arizona Constitution, the state legislature can only call for a convention if it is approved by the electorate in a statewide vote. Any amendments, revisions, or proposals of the Constitution require a simple majority vote by the electorate.


See also

Elections Arizona State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Arizona Sonora News, "Exceeding the last day of the Legislature comes at cost," April 17, 2018
  2. ↑ Arizona Daily Sun, "The Latest: Arizona Legislature adjourns 2018 session," May 4, 2018
  3. ↑ Arizona State Legislature, "SB1394," accessed February 23, 2018
  4. ↑ The Arizona Republic, "Arizona bans extra taxes on soda, sugary drinks," March 19, 2018
  5. ↑ Tucson.com, "Arizona House votes to require list of questions be asked of women seeking abortions," April 9, 2018
  6. ↑ Tucson.com, "Bill requiring questioning of Arizona women seeking abortions heads to Gov. Ducey," April 12, 2018
  7. ↑ Phoenix New Times, "Ducey Signs Abortion Bill: Doctors Must Ask About Rape, Incest," April 16, 2018
  8. ↑ The Arizona Republic, "Ducey signs abortion questionnaire, English-only contracts bills into law," April 13, 2018
  9. ↑ Arizona Capitol Times, "Lawmakers approve $10.4 billion budget, teacher pay raises," May 3, 2018
  10. ↑ Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "Governor Ducey Signs 20 Percent Increase In Teacher Pay," May 3, 2018
  11. ↑ The Arizona Republic, "What else is in the budget besides teacher raises? Here are notable items," May 3, 2018
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
  13. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Hill, "Arizona teachers begin voting on whether to strike," April 18, 2018
  15. ↑ Twitter, "Arizona Teachers United," accessed April 20, 2018
  16. ↑ AZ Central, "Here's why Arizona teachers are walking in – not out for now – in #RedForEd movement," April 4, 2018
  17. ↑ The National Education Association, "Rankings of the States 2017 and Estimates of School Statistics 2018," April 2018
  18. ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Arizona Unites to Care For, Feed Kids During Teacher Strike," April 25, 2018
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "Governor Doug Ducey Announces Teacher Pay Increase," April 12, 2018
  20. ↑ NPR, "Arizona Governor Agrees To 20 Percent Raise For Protesting Teachers," April 12, 2018
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tucson.com, "Gov. Ducey proposes 9 percent pay raise for Arizona teachers next school year," April 12, 2018
  22. ↑ WTRF.com, "Arizona House moves to hike teacher pay amid protests," April 12, 2018
  23. ↑ AZfamily.com, "Arizona teachers vote to walk out on Thursday, April 26 over education funding," April 20, 2018
  24. ↑ The Daily Sentinel, "The Latest: Governor vetoes 10 bills, wants teacher pay hike," April 20, 2018
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 AZ Central, "In power play, Ducey vetoes House bills and calls for passage of his teacher pay plan," April 20, 2018
  26. ↑ The Arizona Republic, "Republican lawmaker pitches $1 billion tax hike to prevent Arizona teacher walkout," April 24, 2018
  27. ↑ WTOP, "The Latest: Arizona teachers press for action by lawmakers," April 25, 2018
  28. ↑ AZFamily.com, "'This fight is for your child': Education leaders speak the evening before walkout," April 26, 2018
  29. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  30. ↑ KTAR News, "State senator: Arizona teacher leaders are playing politics," April 25, 2018
  31. ↑ Kentucky New Era, "Arizona, Colorado teachers rally, schools close for 2nd day," April 27, 2018
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Time, "Arizona and Colorado Join Teacher Strikes as Thousands Prepare to March for More Pay," April 25, 2018
  33. ↑ Education Week, "Teacher Strike Momentum Continues: Arizona and Colorado Educators Walking Out," April 25, 2018
  34. ↑ AZ Central, "#RedForEd walkout school closures will impact 840,000 Arizona students," April 24, 2018
  35. ↑ The Guardian, "Arizona teachers begin strike as wave of education walkouts rolls west," April 26, 2018
  36. ↑ Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "Statement From Governor Ducey," April 26, 2018
  37. ↑ The Washington Post, "The Latest: Arizona House leaders make deal on teacher raise," April 26, 2018
  38. ↑ Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "FY19 BUDGET Governor Ducey, President Yarbrough and Speaker Mesnard Announce a Budget Agreement on K-12 Funding That Includes 20% Pay Raise for Teachers by 2020," April 27, 2018
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Bristol Herald Courier, "The Latest: Arizona teacher groups don't trust budget deal," April 27, 2018
  40. ↑ Twitter, "Arizona Education Association on April 27, 2018," accessed April 30, 2018
  41. ↑ Arizona Daily Sun, "Arizona teachers say strike still on despite budget deal," April 30, 2018
  42. ↑ Goldwater Institute, "About," accessed April 30, 2018
  43. ↑ KTAR News, "Here are details of Arizona Legislature’s plan to fund education," May 1, 2018
  44. ↑ Arizona Education News, "Legislators continue to work on budget, including teacher pay and school safety plans," May 1, 2018
  45. ↑ Arizona Capitol Times, "Teachers end short-lived strike," May 1, 2018
  46. ↑ Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "Letter to Arizona teachers, parents and education leaders," accessed May 2, 2018
  47. ↑ Office of the Governor Doug Ducey, "Governor Ducey Signs 20 Percent Increase In Teacher Pay," May 3, 2018
  48. ↑ 12 News, "Ducey signs education budget bill on day six of teacher walkout," May 3, 2018
  49. ↑ AZfamily.com, "Arizona Gov. Ducey signs education funding and teacher pay bill," May 3, 2018
  50. ↑ Muskogee Phoenix, "Striking Arizona teachers win 20 percent raise, end walkout," May 3, 2018
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